About Autism

What is Autism?

Autism or Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects how a person communicates, interacts socially and processes the world around them. It's called a "spectrum" because it looks different for every individual-some people may need daily support, while others live independently but still face challenges in certain areas.

Signs of Autism in Young Children
(Toddlers & Preschool)

  • Limited eye contact or facial expressions

  • Delayed speech or language development

  • Doesn't respond to name by 12 months

  • Repeats words or phrases (echolalia)

  • Sensitive to sound, texture or touch

  • Prefers to play alone or lines up toys instead of playing with them

Who Does Autism Affect?

Autism affects people of all races, ethnicities, genders and socioeconomic backgrounds. It is typically identified in early childhood, but some people may not receive a diagnosis until adolescence or adulthood. According to the CDC, about 1 in 36 children in the U.S. are diagnosed with autism, and it's important to note that girls and individuals from underserved communities are often diagnosed later or overlooked entirely.

What Causes Autism?

There is no single known cause of autism. Research suggests it is the result of a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Autism is not caused by parenting style, vaccines or diet. It is likely that multiple genes, interacting with certain environmental influences before or shortly after birth, affect early brain development in ways that contribute to autism.

Signs of Autism in Older Children
(Elementary Age)

  • Difficulty making or keeping friends

  • Struggles with back-and-forth conversation

  • Highly focused on specific interests or routines

  • May avoid or feel overwhelmed by loud environments

  • Has trouble understanding jokes, sarcasm, or emotions

  • Repeats movements like rocking or hand-flapping

How is Autism Diagnosed?

Autism is diagnosed based on a persons behavior and developmental history-there is no medical test, like a blood test or brain scan, that can confirm it.

Diagnosis typically involves:

  1. Developmental screenings during well-child visits to look for early signs.

  2. Comprehensive evaluations by specialists such as developmental pediatricians, child psychologists or neurologists.

  3. Observation and parent interviews to assess social communication, behavior and play patterns.

  4. Use of standardized diagnostic tools like the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS-2) or the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R).

Signs of Autism in Teens & Adults

  • Social anxiety or difficulty in group settings

  • Challenges with reading facial expressions or tone of voice

  • Intense focus on niche topics or routines Sensory sensitivities (to lights, sounds, fabrics, etc.)

  • May come across as "blunt" or literal in conversation

  • Feels misunderstood or "different" without knowing why

To meet the criteria for an autism diagnosis, a person must show:

  1. Persistent challenges in social communication and social interaction.
    For Example: Difficulty with conversation, making friends or understanding social cues.

  2. Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
    For Example: Repetitive movements, strong need for routines, intense focus on specific topics or sensory sensitivities.

To meet the official diagnosis, symptoms must begin early in life and affect a person's daily activities, according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5).

Resources & Support

  • Get Evaluated: Early identification matters. Talk to your pediatrician or request a referral to a developmental specialist.

  • Connect Locally: Reach out to organizations like SARRC, AZA United and Lexie's Voice for guidance.

  • Build Your Circle: Join support groups for parents, siblings or adults with autism— online or in person.

  • Trust Your Instincts: If something feels off, speak up. You know your loved one best.